Vet' Medicine

• Clinical examination of the individual animal
• Making a diagnosis
• Making a decision on therapeutics
• Assessing the prognosis
• Examination of the herd

• Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, Fever
• Septicemia, Viremia
• Toxemia and Endotoximea
• Hypovolemic shock
• Allergy and Anaphylaxis
• Edema and acid-base imbalance
• Pain and stress
• Localized infections
• Inappetence
• Weight loss
• Care of recumbent animals
• Sudden and unexpected death

• Perinatal and Postnatal diseases
• Physical and environmental causes of diseases
• Diseases of cloned offspring
• Neonatal infection
• Care of clinically ill newborns

• Principles of antimicrobial therapy
• Practical usage of antimicrobial drugs
• Antimicrobial resistance

• General principles of digestive tract dysfunction
• Manifestation of digestive tract dysfunction
• Principles of treatment
• Diseases of the buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines
• Diseases of the digestive system in ruminants

• General principles of liver dysfunction
• Manifestation of hepatic and biliary dysfunction
• Principles of treatment of hepatic dysfunction
• Diseases of the pancreas

• General principles of circulatory failure
• Manifestation of circulatory failure
• Diseases of the heart
• Diseases of the blood vessels

• Abnormal concentration of plasma protein
• Hemorrhagic diseases
• Diseases of red blood cell numbers and function
• Disorders of white blood cells
• Diseases of spleen and thymus
• Immune deficiencies
• Amyloidoses
• Porphyrias

• Principles of respiratory insufficiency
• Manifestation of respiratory insufficiency
• Examination of the respiratory system
• Treatment and control of respiratory tract diseases
• Diseases of the lungs
• Diseases of the pleura and diaphragm
• Diseases of upper respiratory tract

• Principles of renal insufficiency
• Manifestation of urinary tract disease
• Examination of the urinary system
• Treatment of urinary tract diseases
• Diseases of the kidney
• Diseases of the bladder, ureters and urethra
• Congenital defects of the urinary tract

• Principles of nervous dysfunction
• Manifestation of nervous system disease
• Special examination of the nervous system
• Treatment of diseases of the nervous system
• The pathophysiology of nervous system disease
• Diseases of the brain
• Diseases of the meninges
• Encephalopathies
• Psychoses and Neuroses
• Epilepsy
• Diseases of the spinal cord
• Diseases of the peripheral nervous system
• Congenital defects of the nervous system

• Manifestation of musculoskeletal disease
• Diseases of muscles
• Diseases of bones
• Diseases of Joints
• Congenital defects of the musculoskeletal system

• Principles of treatment of skin disease
• Diseases of hair, skin glands, horns and hooves
• Cutaneous neoplasms
• Congenital defects of the skin
• Diseases of the Conjuctiva
• Congenital defects of the eyelids and cornea
• Diseases of the external ear

• Mastitis
• Defects of teats and udder
• Mastits-Metritis-Agalactia in sows

Viral Diseases

1. Epitheliotropic / Vesicular Diseases

• Foot and Mouth Disease →
• Vesicular Stomatitis →

2. Neurological Viral Diseases

• Rabies - Rhabdovirus →
• Aujesky's Disease →
• Equine Herpesvirus →

3. Respiratory Viral Diseases

• Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) →
• Equine Influenza – Orthomyxovirus →
• Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex →
• Avian Influenza – Orthomyxovirus →
• Newcastle Disease – Paramyxovirus →

4. Systemic / Generalized Viral Diseases

• Canine Distemper – Morbillivirus →
• Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) – Morbillivirus →
• African Swine Fever (ASF) – Asfarvirus →
• Classical Swine Fever (CSF) – Pestivirus →

5. Enteric Viral Diseases

• Feline Panleukopenia – Parvovirus →
• Canine Parvovirus – Parvovirus →
• Rotavirus infections →
• Coronavirus infections →

6. Reproductive Viral Diseases

• Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) – Pestivirus →
• Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) – Arterivirus →

7. Avian Viral Diseases

• Avian Influenza – Orthomyxovirus →
• Newcastle Disease – Paramyxovirus →
• Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) – Birnavirus →
• Marek’s Disease – Herpesvirus →

Chlamydial Diseases

• Enzootic Abortion of Ewes →
• Psittacosis/Ornithosis →
• Feline Pneumonitis →

Prion Diseases

• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy →
• Scrapie – sheep and goats →
• Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) – deer, elk →
• Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy →
• Kuru / Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) →

Diseases Associated with Rickettsiales

• Anaplasma marginale (bovine anaplasmosis)
• Anaplasma centrale (milder form in cattle)
• Anaplasma phagocytophilum (tick-borne fever in ruminants, granulocytic anaplasmosis)

• Ehrlichia canis (canine monocytic ehrlichiosis)
• Ehrlichia ruminantium (heartwater in ruminants)
• Ehrlichia ewingii (granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs)

• Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
• Rickettsia conorii (Mediterranean spotted fever)
• Rickettsia africae (African tick bite fever)

• Neorickettsia risticii (Potomac horse fever)
• Neorickettsia helminthoeca (salmon poisoning disease in dogs)

• Coxiella burnetii (important zoonotic reproductive disease in ruminants)

Other Related/Important Infections

• 6. Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi) →
• 7. Tick-borne rickettsial complexes →

Protozoan Diseases

• 1. Coccidiosis (Eimeria spp. , poultry, cattle, small ruminants, rabbits) →
• 2. Babesiosis ("redwater," Babesia spp. ) →
• 3. Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma spp.) →
• 4. Theileriosis (Theileria parva, T. annulata) →
• 5. Trichomoniasis (Tritrichomonas foetus) →
• 6. Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) →
• 7. Leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.) →

Fungal Diseases (Mycoses)

• 1. Ringworm (Dermatophytes: Microsporum, Trichophyton) →
• 2. Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) →
• 3. Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) →
• 4. Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) →
• 5. Candidiasis (Candida albicans) →
• 6. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) →

Diseases Associated with Helminth Parasites

• 1. Fasciolosis (liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica ) →
• 2. Haemonchosis (barber’s pole worm, Haemonchus contortus ) →
• 3. Ostertagiasis (Ostertagia ostertagi) →
• 4. Ascariasis (Ascaris suum , pigs) →
• 5. Strongylosis (horses, Strongylus spp.) →
• 6. Trichuriasis (whipworm, Trichuris spp. ) →
• 6. Hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus) →
• 7. Cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis, C. cellulosae) →

Diseases Associated with Arthropod Parasites

• 1. Mange (mites: Sarcoptes, Demodex, Psoroptes ) →
• 2. Tick infestation (Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Boophilus) →
• 3. Flea allergy dermatitis (Ctenocephalides felis) →
• 4. Lice infestations (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Damalinia) →
• 5. Warble fly infestation (Hypoderma bovis) →
• 6. Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) →

• Ketosis (dairy cows, negative energy balance)
• Milk Fever (hypocalcemia, parturient paresis)
• Pregnancy Toxemia (ewes, does)
• Hypomagnesemic Tetany (grass tetany)
• Acidosis (ruminal acidosis)
• Urolithiasis (urinary stones in ruminants)
• Laminitis (linked to carbohydrate overload in horses/cattle)

• Rickets (calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D deficiency)
• Osteomalacia (adults, similar to rickets)
• White Muscle Disease (selenium/vitamin E deficiency)
• Grass Tetany (magnesium deficiency)
• Anemia (iron deficiency, especially piglets)
• Pica (phosphorus deficiency)
• Goiter (iodine deficiency)
• Night blindness (vitamin A deficiency)

Diseases Caused by Physical Agents

Including Fractures, Wounds, Dislocations, Hematomas and Contusions.

Including heat stroke, heat exhaustion, burns and photosensitization.

Including frostbite, hypothermia, chilblains

Sunburn (Solar dermatitis), Skin cancer, radiation burns

Including Decubital Ulcers (Pressure Sores), Sole Ulcers / Laminitis, Myopathy (“Downer Cow Syndrome”).

Electrocution and Lightning Strike Injuries

Drowning, Smothering and Aspiration Pneumonia

Other Physical Agents

• 1. Foreign Body Injuries – traumatic reticuloperitonitis ("hardware disease" in cattle) →
• 2. Choking – feed obstruction in cattle, dogs, horses →
• 3. Noise-Induced Stress/Deafness – dogs (fireworks, gunfire) →
• 4. Physical Restraint Injuries – rope burns, neck abrasions, horn damage →

Diseases Associated with Inorganic and Farm Chemicals

1. Lead Poisoning
2. Arsenic Poisoning
3. Mercury Poisoning
4. Copper Toxicity
5. Selenium Toxicity (“Alkali Disease” or “Blind Staggers”)
6. Fluorosis

1. Nitrate/Nitrite Poisoning
2. Ammonia/Anhydrous Ammonia Toxicity

1. Organophosphate Poisoning
2. Carbamate Toxicity
3. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Poisoning (e.g., DDT, Lindane)
4. Paraquat/Herbicide Poisoning

1. Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Warfarin, Brodifacoum)
2. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D analog rodenticides)
3. Zinc Phosphide Poisoning

1. Phenol Poisoning
2. Cresol/Creosote Toxicity
3. Formalin/Chlorinated Disinfectants

1. Salt (Sodium Chloride) Poisoning / Water Deprivation
2. Urea Poisoning (Non-Protein Nitrogen Toxicity)

Toxin-Related Diseases

• 1. Botulism →
• 2. Mycotoxicosis (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, ergot alkaloids) →
• 3. Enterotoxemia (Clostridium perfringens toxins) →
• 4. Snake envenomation →
• 5. Plant poisonings (e.g., Lantana camara, Crotalaria, oleander, cyanogenic plants) →
• 6. Lead, arsenic, and other heavy metal poisoning →

• Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO/Heaves) – dust, moldy hay allergens
• Atopic Dermatitis – dogs and cats (skin allergy due to pollen, dust mites, food allergens)
• Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) – hypersensitivity to flea saliva (dogs, cats)
• Sweet Itch (Insect Bite Hypersensitivity) – horses (reaction to Culicoides bites)
• Milk Allergy in Calves – hypersensitivity to milk proteins

• Albinism – absence of pigmentation (all domestic species)
• Chondrodysplasia (dwarfism forms) – dogs, cattle, sheep
• Hydrocephalus – multiple species
• Cryptorchidism (retained testes) – horses, dogs, cats, pigs
• Polydactyly (extra digits) – cats, chickens, cattle

• Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) – Holstein cattle
• Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) – Holstein cattle
• Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy ("Weaver syndrome") – Brown Swiss cattle
• Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS) – Holsteins
• Factor XI Deficiency – Holsteins, Japanese Black cattle
• Arachnomelia (spider calf syndrome) – Brown Swiss, Holstein

• Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) – Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses
• Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) – Quarter Horses, Warmbloods, draft breeds
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) – Arabian horses
• Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA) – Quarter Horses
• Cerebellar Abiotrophy (CA) – Arabians
• Lethal White Foal Syndrome (Overo lethal white, OLWS) – American Paint Horses

• Hip Dysplasia – large breeds (German Shepherds, Labradors, Rottweilers)
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – many breeds (Collies, Irish Setters)
• Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) – Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs
• Degenerative Myelopathy – German Shepherds, Corgis
• Von Willebrand’s Disease – Dobermans, Shetland Sheepdogs
• Muscular Dystrophy – Golden Retrievers
• Cystinuria – Newfoundlands, Bulldogs

• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) – Persian cats and related breeds
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) – Maine Coon, Ragdoll
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – Abyssinians, Siamese
• Hemophilia B – British Shorthair
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) – Maine Coon cats

• Spider Lamb Syndrome (Hereditary Chondrodysplasia) – Suffolk and Hampshire sheep
• Hereditary Splayleg – sheep and goats
• Goat Myotonia Congenita ("Fainting goats") – Tennessee fainting goats
• Entropion (inward eyelids) – hereditary in some sheep breeds

• Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) – associated with malignant hyperthermia in Landrace, Pietrain
• Rectal/Anal Atresia – hereditary defect
• Congenital Tremors (type AII) – some pig lines
• Scrotal/Ventral Hernias – hereditary predisposition

• Tibial Dyschondroplasia – broiler chickens, turkeys
• Crooked Toes – hereditary trait in some chicken lines
• Hypopigmentation ("Albinism") – rare genetic defect in poultry

Diseases of Complex or Unknown Etiology

• 1. Colic in Horses – dietary, management, stress, parasites →
• 2. Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) – stress, diet, genetics, environment →
• 3. Lameness in Dairy Cattle – housing, nutrition, infection, conformation →
• 4. Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) – viruses, bacteria, stress, environment →
• 5. Mastitis (certain chronic or recurrent forms) – pathogens, milking hygiene, cow immunity, environment →
• 6. Sudden Infant Piglet Death Syndrome (SIDS-like) – uncertain, multiple factors suspected →
• 7. Johne’s Disease – Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection influenced by genetics, nutrition, environment →